Course Code: 
ARCH 455
Course Type: 
Area Elective
Theory: 
2
Practice: 
2
Lab: 
0
Credits: 
3
ECTS: 
5
Course Language: 
İngilizce
Course Objectives: 
-Comprehensive understanding of computational design approaches  -Experiment with diverse computational methods at a basic level -Evaluate the impact of computational approaches on design process
Course Content: 

  • Examination on computational design thinking and computational approaches in architectural design considering historical development

  • Parametric design in architecture

  • Digital fabrication methods

  • Kinetic systems and material systems in architecture

  • Virtual and augmented reality in architectural design

  • Artificial intelligence in digital culture and design

Course Methodology: 
1: Lecture, 2: Question-Answer, 3: Discussion, 4: Seminar, 5: Project, 6: Teamwork; 7:Technical excursion
Course Evaluation Methods: 
A: Testing, B: Jury, C: Homework, D:Quiz, E:Internship

Vertical Tabs

Course Learning Outcomes

 

 

No Program Learning Outcomes Contribution
1 2 3 4 5
1 Acquires knowledge of and comprehends socio-economic and spatial elements, and processes which necessitates urban design and also involves outputs of design projects.          
2 Has the competence for producing a comprehensive architectural project from the beginning of schematic design to detailed system development phase (structural and environmental systems, safety and fire protection, partition systems, building envelope, building service systems).          
3 Has the ability to employ the experience gained from architectural building to new fields and generate strategies.          
4 Has the knowledge of approaches, models and techniques which will improve the efficiency in managerial tasks and management of an architectural project and construction.          
5 Has the knowledge of principles of the modern load-bearing systems and application methods.          
6 Has the ability to transfer and apply architectural knowledge to design and application processes.          
7 Has the ability to employ theoretical and practical field-related knowledge with reference to their undergraduate competence.         x
8 Has the ability to conduct research, evaluate, make critical analysis, employ appropriate techniques and reach unique results.         x
9 Has the competence of relating to project and construction processes, analyzing and evaluating within the framework of architectural structure.          
10 Has the competence of taking strategic decisions of an architectural project and generating unique architectural solutions.          
11 Has the competence of systematically presenting a work- carried out individually or as a group work- visually, orally and in written by employing required computer programs.         x
12 Has the knowledge of relation of urban design with architecture and other fields of expertise.          
13 Has the ability to prepare urban design project and/ or research by employing his/her knowledge and generating new methods and ideas.          
14 Has the ability to include socio-economic and spatial criteria into design process.          
15 Has the ability to conduct research, acquire knowledge, make analysis and synthesis, and use those for unique outputs         x
16 Has the competence of managing a project in urban design field individually.             
17 Has the competence of conducting a unique academic/ scientific study, presenting it and discussing it on a dialectic basis.         x

Course Flow

COURSE SCHEDULE

WEEK 

TOPICS

PREPARATİON

1

Digital Technology in Design Culture, Computational Design Thinking, Historical Evolution of Computational Design Thinking 

  

2

Parametric Design

  

3

Parametric Design Practice

HW.1: Conduct a parametric design process to remodel their former design artifacts- explain the algorithmic process

Reflective paper: Algorithms (Terzidis, 2006)

4

Digital Fabrication and Robotics

Invited presentation: Digital fabrication practices in architecture

5

  

Digital Fabrication Practice

HW.2: Fabricate design products

Invited presentation: Digital fabrication and parametric design in mixed reality

6

Virtual and Augmented Reality in Architectural Design for digital design and representation

Invited presentation: Extended reality practices in architecture 

7

Augmented Reality Practice with Aero

HW.3: Develop an AR view of the design artifact

8

Discussion: Evaluation of the Computational Design Processes.

Midterm: Reflection paper: Evaluation of the computational approaches applied in the design process.

9

Kinetic Systems and Material Systems in Architecture

HW.4: Develop kinetic prototypes for this design artifact and develop a scenario for the responsiveness.

10

Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 

Invited presentations: How to use AI in the design process?

11

Elaborate Design Product with Generative AI Models

HW.5: Develop design process with the assistance of Generative AI models

12

  

Critics about final submission 

Final submission 

13

  

Critics about final submission 

Final submission 

13

  

Final submission presentation

Final submission 

Recommended Sources

REFERENCES
 

Computational Design Historical Development

 

Parametric Design

 

Digital Fabrication

  • Dunn, 2012. Digital Fabrication for Architecture. 

  •  Gershenfeld, N. (2012). How to Make Almost Anything: The Digital Fabrication Revolution. Foreign Affairs, 91(6), 43-57. Retrieved December 29, 2020, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41720933 

  • Sorguç, A., Özgenel, Ç. F., Ülgen, S., Küçüksubaşi, F.,  & Kruşa Yemişcioğlu, M., (2016).  Biçim Arayışlarında Sayısal İmalat Üretim Teknolojilerin Dönüştürücü Gücü . 10. Mimarlıtka Sayısal Tasarım Ulusal Sempozyumu, İstanbul, Turkey           

  • Çinici, Ş. (2012). Computation: Çevirisi ve anlaması kolay olmayan dil, düşünce ve mimarlık (Computation uneasy to translate and understand language thought and architecture). Mimarist, (29), 12-19. http://www.mimarlarodasiankara.org/dosya/dosya29.pdf 

  • Steffen Reichert, Tobias Schwinn, Riccardo La Magna, Frédéric Waimer, Jan Knippers, Achim Menges.  2014. Fibrous structures: An integrative approach to design computation, simulation and fabrication for lightweight, glass and carbon fibre composite structures in architecture based on biomimetic design principles. Computer Aided Design 52 (pp. 27-39).

 

Extended Reality (Augmented- Virtual Reality)

  • Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(4), 355-385. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355

  • Milgram, P., & Colquhoun, H. (1999). A taxonomy of real and virtual world display integration. In Y. Ohta & H. Tamura (Eds.), Mixed Reality - Merging Real and Virtual Worlds (pp. 1-16). Ohmsha & Springer Verlag.

  • Webster, A., Feiner, S., MacIntyre, B., Massie, W., & Krueger, T. (1996). Augmented reality in architectural construction, inspection, and renovation. In Proceedings of ASCE Computing in Civil Engineering (pp. 913-919). Anaheim, California, June 17-19.

  • Anders, P. (2007). Designing mixed reality: Perception, projects, and practice. In Proceedings of Conference of Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA 2007) (pp. 276-283). Halifax, Nova Scotia, October 1-7.

  • Seichter, H. (2003). Sketch and collaborative augmented reality sketching. In A. Choutgrajank, E. Charoensilp, K. Keatruangkamala, & W. Nakapan (Eds.), Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2003) (pp. 209-219). Bangkok, Thailand, October 18-20.

  • Aliakseyeu, D., Martens, J., & Rauterberg, M. (2006). A computer support tool for the early stages of architectural design. Interacting with Computers, 18(4), 507-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2006.03.001 

  • Holloway, R., & Lastra, A. (1995). Virtual environments: A survey of the technology. SIGGRAPH ’95 Course, 8(A), 1-40.

  • Wang, X. (2009). Augmented reality in architecture and design: Potentials and challenges for application. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 7(2), 309-326. https://doi.org/10.1260/147807709788921985 

  • Kipper G., Rampolla J. 2012 Augmented Reality: An emerging technologies guide to AR. Elsevier. 

  • Hajirasouli, A., Banihashemi, S. Augmented reality in architecture and construction education: state of the field and opportunities. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 19, 39 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00343-9 

  • Alp, N.C., Yazici, Y.E. & Oner, D. Augmented reality experience in an architectural design studio. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 45639–45657 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15476-w 

  • Akdağ, F., & Baydoğan, M. (2017). Evaluation of Augmented Reality in Architecture Through Sample Applications. Eurasian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1(1), 42-52. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2176198 

 

Responsive Architecture

  • Fortmeyer R., Linn C. D. (2014). Kinetic Architecture Designs for Active Envelopes. The Images Publishing Group.  

  • Fox M. (2000). Sustainable Applications of Intelligent Kinetic Systems.

  • Fox M. and Kemp M. (2009). Interactive Architecture. Princeton Architectural Press. Bridgens B. & Farmer G. (2015). Hygroscopic Materials for Sustainable Responsive Architecture. Construction and Building Materials 98 pp.570–582.

  • Meagher M. (2015). Designing for change: The poetic potential of responsive architecture. Frontiers of Architectural Research ( pp. 159-165). 

  • Menges, A. (2008). Responsive Surface Structures: Instrumentalising Moisture- Content Activated Dimensional Changes of Timber Component. Versatility and Vicissitude Performance in Morpho-Ecological Design in Architectural Design,192 ( pp. 39-41).

  • Menges A. & Reichert S. (2012). Material Capacity: Embedded Responsiveness, Material Computation, Architectural Design (pp.52–59).

  • Oxman, N. (2012). Programming Matter, Material Computation in Architectural Design, 216 (pp. 88-96). 

  • Oxman, N. (2010). Material-based Design Computation (Phd Thesis), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture: Design and Computation.

  • Sung, D.K. (2014). ‘Digital Architecture at DOSU Studio’, in eVolo 6: Digital and Parametric Architecture (2014) edited by Aiello C. pp. 110-114.

  • Kırdar, G. (2017). Hygro Responsive structure: Humidity responsive material system design Istanbul Technical University [Master Thesis]. YÖK Açıkbilim. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/635841

 

Artificial Intelligence in Architectural Design

  • Uzun, C., Birgül Çolakoğlu, M., & Inceoğlu, A. (2020). GAN as a generative architectural plan layout tool: A case study for training DCGAN with Palladian Plans and evaluation of DCGAN outputs. A|Z ITU JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, 17(2), 185–198. https://doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2020.54037 

  • Huang, W., & Zheng, H. (2018). Ar-chitectural   drawings   recognition   and   generation  through  machine  learning.In   Proceedings   of   the   38th   Annu-al  Conference  of  the  Association  for  Computer  Aided  Design  in  Architec-ture, Mexico City, Mexico.

  • Levin, P. H. (1964). Use of graphs to decide  the  optimum  layout  of  build-ings. The Architects’ Journal, 7, 809-815.

  • Nagy, D., Lau, D., Locke, J., Stoddart, J., Villaggi, L., Wang, R., ... & Benjamin, D.  (2017,  May).  Project  Discover:  An  application  of  generative  design  for  ar-chitectural  space  planning.  In Proceed-ings  of  the  Symposium  on  Simulation  for Architecture and Urban Design (p. 7).  Society  for  Computer  Simulation  International. 

  • Grason, J. (1971, June). An approach to  computerized  space  planning  using  graph  theory.  In  Proceedings  of  the  8th  Design  automation  workshop  (pp.  170-178). ACM.

  • Colakoglu,   B.   (2005).   Design   by   grammar:  an  interpretation  and  gen-eration  of  vernacular  hayat  houses  in  contemporary   context.   Environment and  Planning  B:  Planning  and  Design,  32(1), 141-149.

  • Duarte,   J.   P.   (2005).   A   discur-sive  grammar  for  customizing  mass  housing:  the  case  of  Siza’s  houses  at  Malagueira. Automation  in  Construction, 14(2), 265-275.

  • Eastman,  C.  M.  (1973).  Automated  space  planning.  Artificial  intelligence,  4(1), 41-64.

Assessment

ASSESSMENT

In-term studies

Number 

Percentage

Homework

5

50

Midterm submission

1

20

Final Exam

1

30

Total  

  

100

Course’s Contribution to Program

COURSE'S CONTRIBUTION TO PROGRAM
 

No

  

Program Learning Outcomes 

Contribution Level

 (1: lowest,                               5: highest )

1

2

3

4

5

1

Critical thinking skills: Ability to develop clear and open questions, use abstract ideas to express ideas, evaluate opposing views, reach to the well-examined results and test them with similar criteria and standards

          

2

Communication / Graphic communication skills: Ability to formally express each stage of planning and design process with various techniques including hand-drawings and information technologies to create appropriate presentations; to have an ability of a complete and accurate technical description and documentation of the project

          

3

Research skills/ Ability of Utilization from Examples: Ability to obtain relevant information, assessment, recording and apply during the architectural processes; the ability to discover examples that are appropriate to program and form, concerning the composition and development of architectural and urban projects

          

4

Design skills: Understanding the creation, development and implementation processes of two and three dimension design, architectural composition, and visual perception and organization in urban design, ability to apply basic architectural principles in building, interiors and layout

          

5

World architecture: Comprehending the rules of world  architecture, landscape and urban design, and also the climatic, technological, socio-economic and cultural factors which shape these principles

          

6

Regional Architecture / Cultural Diversity: Comprehending the effects of national traditions and historical heritage in national and vernacular architecture including local architecture, landscape and urban design.

          

7

Cultural Heritage and Conservation: Having awareness of the protection of historical areas as well as the basic principles for the documentation of historical monuments and buildings for the preparation of their restoration projects.

          

8

Sustainability: Conservation of artificial sources which also include naturally and culturally significant buildings and spaces, regarding the role of sustainability in the architectural and urban design decisions and understanding the formation of healthy buildings and establishments  

          

9

Social Responsibility: Comprehending  the needs, behaviors, social and spatial patterns which characterize different cultures

          

10

Nature and Human: Understanding the interaction between physical environment and humans

          

11

Geographical Conditions: Ability to design settlement and building considering the natural and artificial properties of site  

          

12

Life safety: Understanding the basic principles of life safety systems with an emphasis on the topic of emergency exits

          

13

Structural systems: Understanding the behavioral principles of standing structures with vertical and horizontal forces and the development and application of contemporary load-bearing systems

          

14

Building Physics and Environmental Systems: Understanding the basic principles of lighting, acoustics, air-conditioning and energy use in the design of environmental systems.

          

15

Building Shell Systems: Understanding the materials and basic design systems and correct application types of building shells

      

X

  

16

Building Service Systems : Understanding the basic design principles of building service systems composing,  plumbing , electric , vertical circulation, communication, security and fire safety systems

          

17

Construction Materials and Applications: Understanding the principles and standards of building materials and components in terms of production and applications.

          

18

Integration of Building Systems: Ability of evaluation, selection and integration of building service systems, environment, security and building shells in building design.

      

X

  

19

Program Organization and Evaluation: The ability to evaluate an architectural project with a comprehensive program, according to the design criteria concerning the client, user requirements, appropriate precedents, space and equipment requirements, site conditions and related laws and standards

          

20

Comprehensive Project Development: Ability to improve and evaluate an architectural project with comprehensive program from graphical design to system details (Structural and environmental systems, security, etc.)

          

21

Control of Building Cost: Within the framework of the design project; understanding the basics of finance, building economy and cost control

          

22

Architect-Employer Relationship: Understanding the responsibility of analyzing the requirements of the owner and customer as an architect

          

23

Teamwork and Collaboration: Ability to enhance individual skills and take on different roles through identification and work as a member of the design team , in conjunction with other environments

          

24

Project Management: Understanding the duty of tasking, contracting, personnel management, consultants, project delivery methods and service agreement 

          

25

Application Management: Understanding issues of office organization, business planning, marketing, financial management, project management, risk mitigation, the basic principles of leadership and the profession of issues affecting the globalization, outsourcing, project delivery, expanding practice that support the profession of architecture 

          

26

Leadership: Understanding the pioneer role of the architect in the process of project and design for contract administration

          

27

Legal Rights and Responsibilities: Understanding the legal responsibilities of the architect in building design and construction such as public health, safety and well-being, property rights, zoning and housing regulations, user rights which affect architectural studies

          

28

Architectural Practice / Professional Development: Understanding the role of the internship in professional development, and  mutual rights and responsibilities of the employer and the trainee

          

29

Professional Ethics: Understanding the ethical issues that are related to the professional adjudication in architectural design and practice

          

ECTS

ECTS / STUDENT WORK LOAD
 

NUMBER

DURATION 
(HOURS)

TOTAL WORK LOAD 
(HOURS)

Course Duration (14 weeks x total work hours)

14

4

56

Workload outside the classroom (research and reviews)

12

3

36

Quiz

      

Homework

3

8

24

Presentation/Seminars

      

Midterm

      

Project

      

Laboratory

      

Field survey 

      

Others 

      

Final exam (Final Project)

1

4

4

Total work load 

 

 

120

Total work load / 25

 

 

4,80

ECTS of the course

 

 

5
None
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